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Masana'antar ethylene a kasar Sin sannu a hankali sun shiga lokacin balagagge, abubuwan da suka samo asali ne musamman PE, ethylene oxide (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) da sauran samfuran.A cikin 2020, nau'ikan samfuran guda biyar sun kai kusan kashi 97.2% na yawan amfani da ethylene.Daga cikin su, mafi girman bangaren amfani shine PE, wanda ya kai kashi 63.5 na yawan amfani.Wannan ya biyo bayan EO da EG, wanda ya kai 10.3% da 9.0% bi da bi (duba Hoto 2).

1 |Yanayin ci gaban PE: gasar homogeneity yana da tsanani, bambance-bambance, babban ci gaba

Babban samfuran PE sune polyethylene low density low (LLDPE), ƙananan polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene mai girma (HDPE) nau'i uku.PE yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin farashi da kyawawan kaddarorin sinadarai, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin aikin gona, masana'antu da rayuwar yau da kullun.Daga 2016 zuwa 2021, ƙarfin samar da PE na cikin gida ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tare da matsakaicin girma na 12%, tare da ƙarfin samarwa na ton miliyan 27.73 / shekara a cikin 2021.

A halin yanzu, kayayyakin PE a kasar Sin sun fi dogara ne kan kayyakin da ba su da inganci, kuma kayayyakin da ake amfani da su na PE sun dogara sosai kan shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje, kuma a bayyane yake cewa akwai matsalolin tsarin da ake samu, wato rarar kayayyakin da ba su da inganci, da rashin samar da kayayyaki masu inganci.A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, tare da ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin samar da PE na cikin gida, gasa mai kama da juna za ta yi zafi sosai, kuma maye gurbin cikin gida na manyan kayayyaki yana da girma.Ɗaukar samfuran metallocene polyethylene (mPE) a matsayin misali, a halin yanzu buƙatun kasuwannin cikin gida ya kai kusan tan miliyan 1 a kowace shekara, kuma abin da China ke samarwa a shekarar 2020 kusan tan 110,000 ne kawai.Babban gibin samar da kayayyaki yana motsa ɗimbin samfuran mPE da aka shigo da su don shiga kasuwannin China.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci mai mahimmanci ga PE don haɓakawa a cikin jagorancin babban matsayi da bambanci.

2 |Hanyoyin haɓaka EO na haɗin kai da EO / EG m sauyawa

Ana amfani da EO galibi wajen samar da EG, kuma yawancin kamfanoni suna ɗaukar na'urar haɗin gwiwar EO/EG.Bugu da kari, EO kuma za a iya amfani da a ruwa rage wakili, polyether, disinfection da sterilization filayen.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da raguwa a hankali na ribar kasuwar EG, yawancin sassan EO / EG sun fara canzawa zuwa samar da EO, kuma suna la'akari da sassauƙan fitarwa na duka biyu, don inganta fa'idodin tattalin arziki.Ƙarfin samar da EO ya karu sosai, amma ci gaban samfurori na ƙasa ya shiga cikin lokaci mai wuyar gaske, kuma abin da ya faru na daidaituwa da daidaituwa a bayyane yake.Babban samfurori, irin su polycarboxylic acid ruwa rage wakili monomer, surfactant da ethanolamine, sun fuskanci halin da ake ciki na overcapacity, masana'antu gasar ne m, iya aiki da aka rage.Don wannan, ta hanyar haɗin kai da samfurin ci gaba na sama da ƙasa, zai zama mafi dacewa don haɓaka ainihin gasa na kamfanoni, kamar ethylene, EO, EG, ginawa zuwa polyether monomer (kamar polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl. allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (kamar m barasa polyoxyethylene ether) da kuma cikakken masana'antu sarkar, Ci gaba da fadada downstream, arziki samfurin Categories.

3 |EG: ƙaddamar da sarkar masana'antu, shimfidar giciye samar da samfur

EG shine filin aikace-aikace na biyu mafi girma na ethylene.Daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2021, tare da samar da manyan ayyukan sinadarai da yawa da kuma hada-hadar tacewa da ayyukan sinadarai, karfin samar da EG ya karu kowace shekara, tare da karfin samar da ton miliyan 21.452/shekara a shekarar 2021.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarfin EG ya ci gaba da girma, amma buƙatun ƙasa ya ragu, ƙarfin aiki zai zama bayyane.Daga hangen nesa na ƙarshen amfani, EG ɗinmu galibi ana amfani dashi don samar da polyester, yana lissafin tsarin amfani da EG fiye da 90%, filin amfani yana da ɗanɗano ɗaya, akwai ɗan gajeren sarkar masana'antar ƙasa, tsarin samfurin yana kama da, ƙarancin farashin gasa. matsaloli masu tsanani.

A nan gaba, ya kamata mu ƙara aikace-aikace da kuma ci gaban unsaturated polyester guduro, lubricating man fetur, plasticizer, non-ionic surfactant, shafi, tawada da sauran masana'antu ta hanyar tsawo na masana'antu sarkar, sannu a hankali canza halin da ake ciki na guda amfani, samar da wani sarkar masana'antu daga samarwa zuwa aikace-aikace, haɓaka ƙarin ƙimar samfuran, don rage haɗarin kasuwa.

4 |Hanyoyin SM: ƙarfin haɓaka mai mahimmanci, kwanciyar hankali na masana'antar ƙasa

An fi amfani da ƙananan SM don samar da polymers na styrene da nau'o'in polymers daban-daban, irin su polystyrene combustible (EPS), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), polyester resin (UPR), styrene rubber. (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) da sauran samfuran.Daga cikin su, EPS, PS da ABS suna da fiye da 70% na amfani da SM a China, kuma samfuran su galibi ana amfani dasu a cikin kayan gida, kayan lantarki, motoci, gidaje da sauran masana'antu.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da samar da manyan sikelin da ke ƙasa da ke tallafawa raka'a na SM don tsaftacewa da haɗin gwiwar sinadarai a cikin Sin da haɓaka ayyukan samar da haɗin gwiwar propylene oxide / styrene monomer (PO / SM), ƙarfin samar da SM ya nuna ci gaba da haɓaka haɓaka. .Daga 2020 zuwa 2022, ƙarfin samarwa na SM ya shaida haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma ana sa ran cewa a ƙarshen 2022, ƙarfin samarwa zai wuce tan miliyan 20 / shekara.Tare da ci gaba da sakin kayan aiki, tsarin samar da kayayyaki da buƙatu na cikin gida ya ga canji mai kyau, tare da raguwar shigo da kayayyaki da kuma ƙananan adadin kayan da ake fitarwa.Kamar yadda sabon ƙarfin samar da SM ya fi na benzene mai tsabta a cikin 2021, albarkatun ƙasa mai tsabta benzene yana cikin yanayin ƙarancin wadata, wanda ke ƙara matsawa ribar samar da SM.Daga ra'ayi na amfani, a tsakanin kasuwanni uku na ƙasa, masana'antun ABS ne kawai ke kula da ƙimar aiki mai yawa, wanda ya sa ya zama da wuya a iya narkar da karuwar kayan da aka kawo ta hanyar sabon ƙarfin samar da SM.A sakamakon haka, SM ya shafi sabani tsakanin samarwa da buƙata da tallafin farashi, kuma yanayin kasuwa yana nuna yanayin kewayon oscillating.A ƙarshen kasuwa, "tattalin arzikin gida" da cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar ya haɓaka tallace-tallace na ƙananan kayan gida.A halin da ake ciki kuma har yanzu ana fama da annobar cutar a kasashen waje, kuma fitar da kayayyakin rigakafin cutar da wasu kayayyakin amfanin gida ya zarce yadda ake tsammani, wanda ya haifar da karuwar bukatar sarkar masana'antar SM da kuma inganta riba sosai.

5 |Yanayin ci gaban PVC: inganci da kariyar muhalli suna tafiya hannu da hannu

PVC shine kayan guduro na roba na farko na duniya a cikin ƙasarmu.Tare da fitaccen aikin sa da rabon farashi, ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin samfuran masana'antu da samfuran rayuwar yau da kullun, tare da kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa, ƙarancin wuta, juriyar lalata sinadarai da halayen rufin lantarki.Samar da PVC galibi yana da nau'ikan tsari guda biyu na shirye-shiryen, ɗayan shine hanyar calcium carbide, babban kayan samar da albarkatun ƙasa sune calcium carbide, kwal da ɗanyen gishiri.A kasar Sin, iyakance ta hanyar baiwar albarkatun gawayi, mai da iskar gas da kadan, hanyar calcium carbide ita ce babbar hanya.A cikin aikin samar da ruwa, ana amfani da albarkatun ruwa mai yawa, kuma akwai kwalabe kamar yawan amfani da makamashi da gurbatar yanayi.Na biyu, tsarin ethylene, babban kayan albarkatun kasa shine man fetur.Kasuwar kasa da kasa galibi shine tsarin ethylene, tare da kyakkyawan ingancin samfur, fasahar ci gaba, ƙarin kariyar muhalli, da sauransu, yana da yuwuwar maye gurbin tsarin carbide na calcium a nan gaba.

Kasar Sin ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya da ke samar da PVC, amma kuma babbar mabukaci, kasuwannin cikin gida na cikin yanayi mai karfin gaske.A halin yanzu na duniya aiwatar da filastik maimakon karfe, filastik maimakon dabarun itace, rage yawan amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai da itace a ƙarƙashin bangon baya, resin PVC ya sami babban ci gaba, kasuwar aikace-aikacen ƙasa ta ci gaba da haɓaka, a cikin bayanan filastik, ƙarin jini na likita. bututu, jakunkuna na ƙarin jini, motoci, kayan kumfa da sauran filayen samfur ana amfani da su sosai.Tare da hanzarta aiwatar da tsarin biranen kasar Sin, da kyautata yanayin rayuwar mazauna, ana ci gaba da daukaka fata da bukatun al'umma na kare muhalli.Ƙarƙashin masana'antar PVC ya shiga wani mataki na gasa mai tsanani tsakanin inganci da kare muhalli, kuma filin aikace-aikacen yana ci gaba da fadada kuma yanayin ci gaba iri-iri yana bayyana.

6 |sauran samfur ci gaban |

Sauran samfuran ethylene na ƙasa, kamar ethylene - vinyl acetate, polyvinyl barasa, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - vinyl barasa copolymer da ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, epdm, da dai sauransu, asusun na yanzu don ƙananan ƙananan, aikace-aikacen bege. na in mun gwada da karko, aikace-aikacen na yanzu yana faɗaɗa tsammanin ba zai iya gani ba, kuma ba zai iya gani ba an maye gurbinsa da babban adadin barazana.Abubuwan polyolefin masu girma na cikin gida gabaɗaya suna iyakance ta shingen fasaha na ƙasashen waje, kamar ethylene-a-olefin (1-butene, 1-hxene, 1-octene, da sauransu) copolymer, fasahar cikin gida ba ta girma ba, akwai babban sarari. domin cigaba.Yawancin samfuran ethylene na ƙasa suna cikin layi tare da jagorancin ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da bukatun haɓaka amfani.Misali, a karkashin bangon ganiya na carbon da tsaka tsaki na carbon, masana'antar photovoltaic ta shiga cikin layin ci gaba da sauri, buƙatun kayan aikin hoto na EVA zai karu da sauri, kuma farashin kasuwa na ethylene acetate zai ci gaba da gudana a babban matakin. .

Ana sa ran nan da shekarar 2025, karfin samar da sinadarin ethylene na kasar Sin zai wuce tan miliyan 70 a kowace shekara, wanda zai dace da bukatun cikin gida, har ma za a iya samun ragi.Karkashin tasirin manufar "sarrafa biyu" na kasa game da amfani da makamashi, masana'antar sinadarai na kwal da masana'antar petrochemical za su fuskanci gwaji mai tsanani a lokacin shirin shekaru biyar na 14, wanda zai haifar da rashin tabbas ga aikin ethylene ta hanyar amfani da albarkatun burbushin a matsayin danshi. kayan aiki.A cikin mahallin kololuwar carbon da tsaka tsaki na carbon, an shawarci kamfanoni da su yi la'akari da raguwa da maye gurbin hayakin carbon yayin tsara irin waɗannan ayyukan, maye gurbin makamashin burbushin da makamashi mai sabuntawa da tsaftataccen wutar lantarki, da kawar da ƙarfin samar da baya da kuma rage ƙarfin wuce gona da iri, da haɓakawa. canjin masana'antu da haɓakawa.

Ethylene da hydrogen da aka samar ta hanyar aikin ethane cracking zuwa ethylene sune muhimman albarkatun da kasuwannin cikin gida ke buƙata, tare da babban ci gaba da kuma riba mai karfi.Dangane da shigo da kayayyaki, albarkatun ethane na cikin gida, duk da haka, akwai tushen albarkatun ƙasa guda ɗaya, kayan aikin samar da kayayyaki da aka keɓe, matsalolin sufuri na teku, kamar “haɗarinsu”, suna ba da shawarar Hukumar Ci gaban ƙasa da Gyara da sauran sassan masana'antu don ƙarfafa jagorar tsarawa. , da sha'anin hada tare da nasu ainihin halin da ake ciki, gudanar da aikin yiwuwa, kauce wa "sa, tarwatsa a cikin wani hubbub" hasashe.

Ethylene na ƙasa musamman maɗaukaki masu tsayi, za su shigo da sararin kasuwa.Irin su mPE, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, polyethylene mai nauyin nauyin kwayoyin halitta, babban barasa na carbon, cyclic olefin polymer da sauran samfuran za su zama abin da kasuwar ke mayar da hankali kan.A nan gaba, sababbin ayyuka irin su tsaftacewa da haɗakar da sinadarai, CTO / MTO, da ethane fasa za su samar da isasshen albarkatun ethylene don hanzarta ci gaban masana'antar ethylene na ƙasa zuwa jagorancin "bambanci, babban matsayi da aiki".