aikace-aikace

WPC wani abu ne mai haɗaka wanda aka kafa ta amfani da robobi masu zafi mai zafi, gami da polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride da copolymer ɗin su azaman adhesives, ta amfani da foda na itace kamar itace, bambaro shuka, noma shuka harsashi foda azaman kayan cikawa, gyare-gyaren extrusion ko hanyar latsawa. hanyar yin gyare-gyaren allura.Za'a iya amfani da albarkatun albarkatun filastik mai zafi na masana'antu ko kayan sharar rayuwa, ana iya amfani da foda na itace kuma za'a iya amfani da sharar sarrafa itace, ƙananan itace da sauran itace marasa inganci.Ta fuskar samar da albarkatun kasa, kayayyakin robobin itace na rage gudu da kawar da gurbatar dattin robobi, da kuma kawar da gurbatar yanayi da kona shukar noma ke haifarwa ga muhalli.Zaɓin dabarar abu a cikin tsarin haɗaɗɗiyar ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Polymers

Robobin da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa kayan aikin katako na iya zama robobi na thermoset da thermoplastics, robobin thermoset irin su epoxy resins, thermoplastics kamar polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) da polyoxyethylene (PVC).Saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na fiber na itace, kawai thermoplastics tare da yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 200 ° C ana amfani dashi sosai, musamman polyethylene.Zaɓin polymers ɗin filastik ya dogara ne akan ainihin halayen polymer, buƙatun samfur, wadatar albarkatun ƙasa, farashi da matakin saninsa.Kamar su: Ana amfani da polypropylene galibi a cikin samfuran kera motoci da samfuran rayuwar yau da kullun, PVC galibi ana amfani da su wajen ginin kofofi da windows, fale-falen fale-falen da sauransu.Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar narkewa (MFI) na filastik kuma yana da wani tasiri a kan kaddarorin kayan haɗin gwiwar, a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki iri ɗaya, MFI na resin ya fi girma, gabaɗayan infiltration na itace foda ya fi kyau. rarraba foda na itace ya fi daidai, kuma ƙaddamarwa da rarraba foda na itace yana shafar kayan aikin injiniya na kayan haɗin gwiwar, musamman ma ƙarfin tasiri.

2. Additives

Tun da itace foda yana da karfi da ruwa sha da kuma karfi polarity, kuma mafi yawan thermoplastics ne wadanda ba iyakacin duniya da kuma hydrophobic, da karfinsu tsakanin su biyu ne matalauta, da mu'amala bonding karfi ne sosai kananan, da kuma dace Additives sau da yawa amfani da su gyara surface na polymer. da foda na itace don inganta alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin itacen foda da guduro.Bugu da ƙari, tasirin tarwatsawar foda mai cike da itace a cikin narkakken thermoplastics ba shi da kyau, sau da yawa a cikin wani nau'i na tarawa, yin narke kwarara ba shi da kyau, aikin extrusion yana da wuyar gaske, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarawa da ma'aikatan jiyya na saman don inganta kwarara don sauƙaƙewa. extrusion gyare-gyare.A lokaci guda kuma, matrix filastik kuma yana buƙatar ƙara nau'ikan ƙari daban-daban don haɓaka aikin sarrafa shi da yin amfani da samfuran da aka gama, haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaure tsakanin foda na itace da polymer da kayan aikin injiniya na kayan haɗin gwiwa.Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan:

a) Wakilin haɗin gwiwa na iya samar da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin filastik da itace foda surface;A lokaci guda kuma, zai iya rage yawan shayar da ruwa na foda na itace da kuma inganta daidaituwa da tarwatsa foda na itace da filastik, don haka kayan aikin injiniya na kayan haɗin gwiwar sun inganta sosai.Abubuwan haɗin da aka fi amfani da su sune: isocyanate, isopropylbenzene peroxide, aluminate, phthalates, silane coupling agent, maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAN-g-PP), ethylene-acrylate (EAA).Gabaɗaya, ƙarin adadin wakili mai haɗawa shine 1wt% ~ 8wt% na ƙarar adadin foda na itace, irin su silane coupling wakili na iya inganta mannewa na filastik da foda na itace, inganta watsawar itacen foda, rage sha ruwa, da alkaline. jiyya na itace foda zai iya inganta tarwatsawar itace kawai, ba zai iya inganta shayar da ruwa na itacen foda da mannewa da filastik ba.Ya kamata a lura cewa wakilin haɗin gwiwar namiji da stearate lubricant za su sami sakamako mai banƙyama, wanda zai haifar da raguwa a cikin ingancin samfurin da yawan amfanin ƙasa lokacin amfani da su tare.

b) Plasticizer Ga wasu resins tare da babban gilashin canji zafin jiki da narke kwarara danko, kamar taurin PVC, yana da wuya a aiwatar da shi a lokacin da aka hada da itace foda, kuma sau da yawa ya zama dole don ƙara plasticizer don inganta sarrafa aiki.Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na Plasticizer yana ƙunshe da kwayoyin halitta na polar da wadanda ba na polar ba, a ƙarƙashin aikin daɗaɗɗen zafin jiki, yana iya shiga cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta polymer, ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta na polar suna jawo juna don samar da tsari mai daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali, da kuma shigar da kwayoyin da ba na polar tsawo ba. yana raunana sha'awar juna na kwayoyin polymer, don haka aiki yana da sauƙi.Dibutyl phthalate (DOS) da sauran masu yin robobi galibi ana saka su a cikin kayan aikin katako na filastik.Alal misali, a cikin PVC itace foda kayan haɗin gwal, ƙari na filastik DOP zai iya rage yawan zafin jiki na aiki, rage lalata da hayaki na foda na itace, da kuma inganta ƙarfin ƙarfin kayan aiki yayin da elongation a karya ya karu tare da karuwa. Abubuwan da aka bayar na DOP.

c) Abubuwan Lubricants Ƙunƙarar katako-roba sau da yawa suna buƙatar ƙara kayan shafawa don inganta yawan ruwa na narkewa da kuma yanayin yanayin kayan da aka fitar, kuma an raba kayan shafawa da aka yi amfani da su zuwa kayan shafawa na ciki da na waje.Zaɓin mai mai na ciki yana da alaƙa da resin matrix da aka yi amfani da shi, wanda dole ne ya sami dacewa mai kyau tare da guduro a babban zafin jiki, kuma ya haifar da wani tasirin filastik, rage ƙarfin haɗin kai tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin guduro, raunana juzu'in juna tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta, a cikin domin rage narke danko na guduro da kuma inganta narke fluidity.Man shafawa na waje yana taka rawar gani tsakanin guduro da foda na itace a cikin sarrafa gyare-gyaren filastik, kuma babban aikinsa shine haɓaka zamewar abubuwan guduro.Yawancin lokaci mai mai sau da yawa yana da kayan shafawa na ciki da na waje.Lubricants suna da wani tasiri akan rayuwar sabis na mold, ganga da dunƙulewa, ƙarfin samar da kayan aiki na extruder, yawan amfani da makamashi a cikin tsarin samarwa, ƙaddamar da samfurin samfurin da ƙananan zafin jiki na tasiri na bayanin martaba.Man shafawa da aka fi amfani dasu sune: zinc stearate, ethylene bisfatty acid amide, polyester wax, stearic acid, gubar stearate, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, oxidized polyethylene wax da sauransu.

d) Launi A cikin yin amfani da kayan haɗin katako na itace-robo, abubuwan da za a iya warwarewa a cikin itacen foda yana da sauƙi don ƙaura zuwa saman samfurin, ta yadda samfurin ya lalata, kuma a ƙarshe ya zama launin toka, samfurori daban-daban a cikin wani yanayi na amfani, amma Har ila yau, samar da baƙar fata ko tsatsa.Sabili da haka, ana amfani da masu launi sosai wajen samar da kayan haɗin katako na itace-robo.Zai iya sa samfurin ya sami daidaito da launi mai tsayi, kuma decolorization yana jinkirin.

e) Wakilin kumfa na itace-roba kayan haɗin gwal yana da fa'idodi da yawa, amma saboda haɗakarwar guduro da foda na itace, ductility da juriya na tasiri sun ragu, kayan sun lalace, kuma yawancin ya kusan sau 2 girma fiye da na itacen gargajiya. samfurori, iyakance yawan amfani da shi.Saboda da kyau kumfa tsarin, da kumfa itace-roba hadawa iya passivate da crack tip da yadda ya kamata hana fadada daga cikin crack, don haka muhimmanci inganta tasiri juriya da ductility na abu, da kuma ƙwarai rage yawa na samfurin.Akwai nau'ikan wakilan hurawa, kuma akwai wasu biyu da aka saba amfani da su: kamar yadda halaye na kwastomomi (kamar tasirin da ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta), kuma suna da tasiri masu tasowa a kan viscoelaide da nau'in kumfa na polymer narke, don haka dole ne a zaɓi wakilin busa mai dacewa bisa ga buƙatun amfani da samfuran.

f) Aikace-aikacen masu daidaitawa na UV da sauran masu haɓaka UV suma sun haɓaka cikin sauri tare da haɓaka buƙatun mutane don inganci da karko na abubuwan haɗin katako-roba.Yana iya sa polymer a cikin kayan da aka haɗa ba ya ƙasƙantar da shi ko kaddarorin injiniya sun ragu.Yawanci ana amfani da su ana toshe amine haske stabilizers da ultraviolet absorbers.Bugu da ƙari, don yin kayan haɗin gwal na iya kula da kyakkyawan bayyanar da cikakkiyar aiki, sau da yawa ya zama dole don ƙara magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma zaɓin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta ya kamata suyi la'akari da nau'in foda na itace, adadin ƙari, ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin. mahallin amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwar, abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na samfurin da sauran dalilai.Zinc borate, alal misali, yana da kariya amma ba algal ba.

Ƙirƙira da amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwar itace da robobi ba za su fitar da gurɓatattun abubuwa masu cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam ga muhallin da ke kewaye da su ba, kuma samfuran itace-roba da kansu za a iya sake yin amfani da su kuma a sake amfani da su, don haka samfuran itacen robobi sabon nau'in kare muhalli ne. samfurori, waɗanda za su iya zama tsabtace kai na muhalli kuma suna da fa'idodin haɓaka haɓaka